WMT

Walmart Inc.Nasdaq
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Valuation snapshot

Above bull case

Price is above even the bull case.

Price as of Sep 4, 2026 · Valuation Sep 5, 2026

$108.42
price
$37.38
base IV/share
Track record
$28.4B
Net debt

From reported financials.

What drives WMT's base case?

base-case thesis

Walmart just raised its own full-year sales and profit guidance after a quarter where global online sales jumped 23% and its advertising business grew nearly 40%, so this scenario simply takes management at its word. Sales growth runs in the mid-single digits, roughly matching the newly raised guidance, before gradually cooling as the base gets bigger. Profit margins tick up modestly as the faster-growing, higher-margin advertising, membership and marketplace businesses become a larger share of the mix, taxes run near the company's recent 24%-25% average, and Walmart keeps investing at its newly raised capital-spending pace to support that growth.

What shapes the assumptions

  • Raised FY2027 constant-currency sales guidance

    Net sales growth guidance raised to 4.0%-5.0% from 3.5%-4.5%

    Raises revenue growth

  • Operating income guided to outgrow sales

    Adjusted operating income growth guidance raised to 7.0%-8.5% vs. sales growth of 4.0%-5.0%

    Raises operating margin

  • Tax rate normalizes near recent three-year average

    Effective tax rate (23.4%-25.5% over FY2024-FY2026)

    Informs tax rate

  • Raised capex guidance funds continued automation/fulfillment build-out

    FY2027 capex guidance raised to ~4.0% of net sales from 3.5%

    Raises reinvestment

  • Steady, multi-quarter e-commerce and advertising growth outside the base

    Global e-commerce growth of 23%-24% over the last two reported quarters

    Raises terminal growth

Each driver links a business metric to the forecast assumption it shapes — the basis for this case, not investment advice.

Why the gap?

The market is pricing this as if revenue grows 28.7% a year. Over the last 5 years it grew 5.3% a year — so the price assumes far more than it has delivered.

What else could explain it?
Or, holding growth steady
the price is also consistent with a 12.3% operating margin, against the 4.5% assumed here.
How confident is this estimate?
Robustness 68.0/10 (Moderate) — some of any gap is our own uncertainty rather than disagreement.
What would change the answer?
Which assumption this valuation swings on, and by how much.

Many combinations of assumptions reproduce the same price. These are ways to read what the market might be expecting, not the market's actual view. How this is worked out

Research & assumptions

Inspect the valuation thesis, cases, risks, evidence, and model inputs.

Three independently researched cases generated automatically from published financials. Every assumption is justified and cited; the discount rate is computed from researched market inputs.

Company value drivers

Ranked operating metrics and the valuation assumptions they influence.

1. Global e-commerce sales growth, quarterly YoY

Measures how fast Walmart's online sales are growing worldwide; it is the clearest read on whether the company's faster-growing, higher-margin digital and advertising flywheel is accelerating or decelerating.

23.0%

reported
Global e-commerce sales growth, quarterly YoYRevenue forecastForecast revenue growth path → IV (up)Global e-commerce sales growth, quarterly YoYOperating profitOperating margin trajectory → IV (up)
Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release

1. Walmart U.S. Q2 comparable-sales growth excluding fuel

This measures transaction and ticket growth in the largest segment on a consistent second-quarter basis and is the clearest recurring indicator of organic revenue momentum.

2.6%

reported
Walmart U.S. Q2 comparable-sales growth excluding fuelRevenue forecastRevenue → IV (up)Walmart U.S. Q2 comparable-sales growth excluding fuelOperating profitOperating profit → IV (mixed)
Walmart FY27 Q2 earnings release

2. Consolidated operating margin, quarterly

Operating income divided by total revenue each quarter; tracks whether Walmart's mix shift toward advertising/membership and cost discipline are translating into wider or narrower profit margins.

5.0%

derived
Consolidated operating margin, quarterlyOperating profitOperating income forecast → IV (mixed)Consolidated operating margin, quarterlyFree cash flowNOPAT available for reinvestment → IV (up)
Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release

2. Consolidated annual operating profit relative to net sales

This measures how much operating profit Walmart earns from each dollar of merchandise sales and directly determines modeled operating profit.

4.2%

derived
Consolidated annual operating profit relative to net salesOperating profitOperating profit → IV (up)
Walmart FY2026 Form 10-K

3. Effective income tax rate, fiscal year

Walmart's total income tax provision divided by pre-tax income for the full fiscal year, as reported in the 10-K; it directly sets the wedge between operating profit and after-tax cash flow in the model.

24.4%

reported
Effective income tax rate, fiscal yearAfter-tax profitAfter-tax operating income (NOPAT) → IV (down)
Walmart FY2026 10-K

3. Walmart U.S. annual eCommerce share of net sales

This tracks the digital shift in Walmart's largest segment, which supports growth and advertising opportunities but also changes fulfillment costs.

20.6%

derived
Walmart U.S. annual eCommerce share of net salesRevenue forecastRevenue → IV (up)Walmart U.S. annual eCommerce share of net salesOperating profitOperating profit → IV (mixed)Walmart U.S. annual eCommerce share of net salesFree cash flowReinvestment → IV (mixed)
Walmart FY2026 Form 10-K

4. Annual membership-fee revenue

This measures recurring revenue from Walmart+, Sam's Club, and other memberships, which strengthens retention and generally carries more attractive economics than merchandise sales.

$4.4B

reported
Annual membership-fee revenueRevenue forecastRevenue → IV (up)Annual membership-fee revenueOperating profitOperating profit → IV (up)
Walmart FY2026 Form 10-K

4. Capital expenditures, % of net sales (annual guidance)

Management's own guidance for capital spending as a share of net sales; signals how aggressively Walmart is reinvesting in automation, fulfillment and stores to sustain growth.

4.0%

reported
Capital expenditures, % of net sales (annual guidance)Free cash flowCapital expenditure forecast → IV (up)
Walmart FY2027 raised capex guidance (Q2 FY27 slides coverage)

5. Walmart Connect / global advertising revenue growth, quarterly YoY

Growth rate of Walmart's advertising business (Walmart Connect plus international); one of the highest-margin, fastest-growing pieces of the business and a leading indicator of margin mix shift.

38.0%

reported
Walmart Connect / global advertising revenue growth, quarterly YoYOperating profitOperating margin trajectory → IV (up)Walmart Connect / global advertising revenue growth, quarterly YoYTerminal valuePerpetuity growth assumption → IV (up)
Walmart ad business gains 38% as Walmart Connect hits 43% in Q2

5. Annual capital expenditures relative to net sales

This measures the cash investment required for stores, supply chain, automation, technology, and customer-facing initiatives and therefore determines how much operating profit converts to free cash flow.

3.8%

derived
Annual capital expenditures relative to net salesFree cash flowCapital expenditures → IV (up)Annual capital expenditures relative to net salesOperating profitDepreciation expense → IV (down)
Walmart FY2026 Form 10-K

Base inputs from financials

source period →

Base revenue (TTM)

$728.5B

Diluted shares

7,978,000,000

Net cash

-$28.4B

Bear

low confidence

$31.51

IV / share

-70.9% vs $108.42

Enterprise

$279.8B

Equity

$251.4B

Discount rate

7.0%

Cost of equity

7.2%

Where the value comes from

Explicit cash flows
$7.45
Terminal value
$27.62
Net cash
-$3.56
Intrinsic value / share
$31.51

87.7% of the value rests on the terminal value — high dependency. A small change to terminal growth moves the valuation a lot — see terminal growth below.

bear revenue growth (avg 3%) runs well above the trailing -13% trend

Revenue growth3.5% → 3.0% → 2.8% → 2.5% → 2.2%medium

How derived: Q1 FY27 net sales grew only 2.53% YoY, the weakest of the last eight reported quarters, before a tariff-refund-aided rebound; the bear case assumes tariff cost pass-through and consumer trade-down bring that weaker pace back, fading FY2027's 4.0%-5.0% guided range down toward Walmart's slower pre-2020 historical norm by year five.

Why this confidence: Guidance was just raised, working against this case's premise , Four of the five forecast years sit beyond explicit management guidance , Grounded in an actual, recently reported soft quarter rather than a hypothetical

Evidence for

  • Walmart's Q1 FY27 (quarter ended May 2, 2026) net sales grew just 2.53% year-over-year, the slowest of the last eight reported quarters[Walmart Q1 FY27 Earnings Release]· primary
  • Higher fuel costs are expected to add more than $2 billion of incremental cost in fiscal 2027, pressuring margins and consumer spending[Walmart Q2 FY27 results coverage]· secondary

Evidence against

  • Walmart raised its FY2027 constant-currency net sales growth guidance to 4.0%-5.0% (from 3.5%-4.5%) after Q2 results, above this case's fading path[Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release]· primary
  • Global e-commerce sales grew 23% in Q2 FY27, indicating continued strong momentum rather than a sharp deceleration[Walmart Q2 FY27 results coverage]· secondary
Operating margin3.8%medium

How derived: Quarterly operating margin has ranged 3.77%-5.04% over the last eight quarters, bottoming in Q3 FY26 (3.77%); the bear case assumes price investment and unrecovered tariff costs push margin back to that trough and hold it there, stripping out the roughly 750bp one-time tariff-refund benefit that lifted Q2 FY27's reported margin.

Why this confidence: Tariff and fuel cost impacts are genuinely variable/one-time and hard to size precisely years out , Eight consecutive quarters of reported margin data ground the assumed trough in actuals , Structural mix shift toward advertising/membership works against sustained margin compression

Evidence for

Evidence against

Tax rate26.0%medium

How derived: Effective tax rate swung from 25.5% (FY2024) to 23.4% (FY2025, aided by a one-time -6.0 point net repatriation benefit) to 24.4% (FY2026, hurt by a non-deductible PhonePe stock-comp charge); the bear case assumes favorable one-time items stop recurring and the rate drifts slightly above the FY2024 level.

Why this confidence: Three consecutive years of audited 10-K tax-rate data bound the plausible range , One-time items (PhonePe charge, repatriation benefits) make single-year rates noisy predictors of the future run rate

Evidence for

  • Walmart's FY2026 effective tax rate rose to 24.4%, driven by a non-deductible share-based compensation charge at its PhonePe subsidiary[Walmart FY2026 10-K]· primary

Evidence against

  • Walmart's FY2025 effective tax rate was 23.4%, benefiting from a -6.0 percentage point net impact of repatriated international earnings and -1.4 points of federal tax credits, well below this case's 26% assumption[Walmart Inc. Income Taxes analysis]· secondary
Reinvestment rate35.0%low

How derived: Initial FY2027 capex guidance sat near 3.5% of net sales before later being raised; the bear case assumes management reins investment intensity back toward that lower 3.0%-3.5% band as growth disappoints and returns on incremental capital look less attractive.

Why this confidence: Actual company guidance moved the opposite direction (capex raised, not cut), directly contradicting this case , Relies on a single early-year guidance data point rather than a multi-year disclosed capital-intensity trend

Evidence for

Evidence against

Terminal growth2.0%medium

How derived: With e-commerce and advertising growth assumed to decelerate to ordinary retail rates and the domestic store base largely mature, terminal growth is set near the long-run US inflation/nominal-GDP floor rather than Walmart's faster recent growth.

Why this confidence: Terminal-value assumptions are inherently unverifiable and sit decades beyond visible guidance , Grounded in Walmart's own pre-2020 multi-year growth history rather than an arbitrary guess

Evidence for

  • Walmart's revenue grew at a low single-digit compound rate for much of 2014-2019, before the pandemic/digital-era reacceleration, showing a mature low-growth phase is a real historical precedent[Walmart (WMT) Revenue 2010-2026]· secondary

Evidence against

  • Walmart's revenue growth has instead been accelerating recently, running from 2.5% up to 7.1% across the last six reported quarters, not decaying toward a 2% floor[Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release]· primary

Base

medium confidence

$37.38

IV / share

-65.5% vs $108.42

Enterprise

$326.6B

Equity

$298.2B

Discount rate

7.0%

Cost of equity

7.2%

Where the value comes from

Explicit cash flows
$7.85
Terminal value
$33.10
Net cash
-$3.56
Intrinsic value / share
$37.38

88.5% of the value rests on the terminal value — high dependency. A small change to terminal growth moves the valuation a lot — see terminal growth below.

base revenue growth (avg 4%) runs well above the trailing -13% trend

Revenue growth4.5% → 4.2% → 3.8% → 3.5% → 3.2%high

How derived: Starts at the midpoint of management's just-raised FY2027 constant-currency guidance (4.0%-5.0%) and fades gradually toward Walmart's FY2023-FY2026 average reported growth (6.7%, 6.1%, 5.0%, 4.7%) as the revenue base gets larger.

Why this confidence: Directly anchored to management's own most recent, raised full-year guidance , Guidance only covers one fiscal year explicitly; years two through five are extrapolated

Price implies: 28.7% vs our 3.8% — one of several sets that fit this price

Evidence for

Evidence against

  • Q3 FY27 guidance calls for a deceleration to just 3.0%-3.75% constant-currency growth, below the full-year range's midpoint used here[Walmart (WMT) Q2 2027 earnings]· secondary
Operating margin4.5%medium

How derived: Guided operating income growth (7.0%-8.5%) outpacing guided sales growth (4.0%-5.0%) implies annual operating leverage from the FY2026 base; applying that spread to the trailing four-quarter average reported margin (~4.15%) lands near 4.5% by mid-forecast, consistent with continued mix-shift toward advertising and membership.

Why this confidence: Based on management's own explicit operating-income-versus-sales growth guidance spread , Guidance blends a one-time tariff-refund tailwind that will not repeat, clouding the underlying run-rate

Price implies: 12.3% vs our 4.5% — one of several sets that fit this price

Evidence for

  • Walmart raised FY2027 adjusted operating income growth guidance to 7.0%-8.5% (from 6.0%-8.0%), above raised sales growth guidance of 4.0%-5.0%, implying margin expansion[Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release]· primary

Evidence against

  • A meaningful part of Q2 FY27's operating income growth (~750bps) came from one-time tariff refunds rather than structural margin gain, so underlying leverage may be smaller than headline guidance implies[Walmart Q2 FY27 results coverage]· secondary
Tax rate24.5%high

How derived: Effective tax rate has been 25.5% (FY2024), 23.4% (FY2025) and 24.4% (FY2026); the base case uses the trailing three-year average (~24.4%) as the best estimate of a normalized run-rate.

Why this confidence: Three consecutive years of audited 10-K tax-rate data support the estimate , An outlier year (FY2023 at 33.6%) shows real tail risk around this assumption

Evidence for

  • Walmart's effective tax rate was 24.4% in FY2026, in line with the 23%-26% range of the prior two years[Walmart FY2026 10-K]· primary

Evidence against

  • Walmart's FY2023 effective tax rate spiked to 33.6%, showing the rate can deviate sharply above a normalized 24%-25% assumption in an unusual year[Walmart Inc. Income Taxes analysis]· secondary
Reinvestment rate45.0%medium

How derived: Management raised FY2027 capex guidance to approximately 4.0% of net sales (from 3.5%) for automation, fulfillment capacity and store remodels; grossing this up for the working-capital investment behind e-commerce/membership growth gives a reinvestment rate near 45% of NOPAT.

Why this confidence: Directly sourced from management's own current-year capex guidance , Converting a capex-to-sales ratio into a NOPAT-based reinvestment rate requires an estimated working-capital add-on that is not directly disclosed

Evidence for

Evidence against

  • Walmart's capex ratio had been guided as low as 3.0%-3.5% of net sales earlier in the fiscal year, showing the reinvestment rate is not static and could revert lower[Walmart Q4 FY26 Earnings Release]· primary
Terminal growth2.5%medium

How derived: Set in line with long-run nominal U.S. GDP growth (real growth plus inflation), consistent with a scaled, mature retailer that cannot outgrow the broader economy indefinitely even though near-term guidance is faster.

Why this confidence: Standard practice of capping terminal growth near long-run economy-wide growth limits estimation error , Never directly observable — a judgment call decades beyond disclosed guidance

Evidence for

  • The 10-Year Treasury yield, a common proxy for long-run nominal growth expectations, stood at 4.78% on September 4, 2026[US 10 Year Treasury Note Yield]· secondary

Evidence against

  • Walmart's own revenue growth has run well above 2.5% in every one of the last six quarters, so a 2.5% terminal rate is a significant step down from current momentum[Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release]· primary

Bull

low confidence

$42.62

IV / share

-60.7% vs $108.42

Enterprise

$368.4B

Equity

$340B

Discount rate

7.0%

Cost of equity

7.2%

Where the value comes from

Explicit cash flows
$7.89
Terminal value
$38.29
Net cash
-$3.56
Intrinsic value / share
$42.62

89.8% of the value rests on the terminal value — high dependency. A small change to terminal growth moves the valuation a lot — see terminal growth below.

bull revenue growth (avg 5%) runs well above the trailing -13% trend

Revenue growth6.0% → 5.5% → 5.0% → 4.5% → 4.0%medium

How derived: Q1 FY27 revenue grew 7.14% YoY, and global e-commerce (+23% in Q2 FY27) and Walmart Connect advertising (+38% worldwide) are compounding far faster than the base business; the bull case assumes this mix shift keeps blended growth above the top of guidance for several years before fading.

Why this confidence: Grounded in an actually-reported quarter (7.14% growth), not a hypothetical , Sits above management's own raised guidance range, so it requires guidance to be beaten repeatedly

Evidence for

Evidence against

  • Walmart's own FY2027 full-year guidance tops out at 5.0% constant-currency net sales growth, below this case's 6.0% starting assumption[Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release]· primary
Operating margin5.2%low

How derived: Almost half of Q2 FY27's profit growth came from membership, advertising and marketplace per management commentary; the bull case assumes this structurally higher-margin mix keeps consolidated operating margin durably at or above the 5.04% level reported in Q2 FY27, rather than treating that quarter as a one-off tariff-refund spike.

Why this confidence: Relies on sustaining a single quarter's margin level that was inflated by a disclosed one-time item , Directionally consistent with management's own statement that high-margin businesses drove profit growth

Evidence for

Evidence against

  • Q2 FY27's reported operating margin of ~5.04% included an approximate 750-basis-point net benefit from one-time tariff refunds that will not repeat[Walmart Q2 FY27 results coverage]· secondary
Tax rate22.5%low

How derived: Uses Walmart's most favorable recent year (FY2025's 23.4%, aided by a -6.0 point net repatriation benefit and -1.4 points of federal tax credits) as a repeatable run-rate, assuming continued favorable international earnings mix and tax planning push the rate slightly below even that level.

Why this confidence: Based on an actual reported year rather than a hypothetical , That favorable year was immediately followed by a higher rate, undercutting persistence, and this case assumes an even lower rate than either

Evidence for

  • Walmart's FY2025 effective tax rate was 23.4%, aided by a -6.0 percentage point net impact from repatriated international earnings and -1.4 points of federal tax credits[Walmart Inc. Income Taxes analysis]· secondary

Evidence against

  • The following year (FY2026) the rate rose back to 24.4% due to a non-deductible PhonePe compensation charge, showing favorable years are not guaranteed to persist or improve further[Walmart FY2026 10-K]· primary
Reinvestment rate55.0%low

How derived: The bull case assumes Walmart pushes reinvestment intensity above the already-raised ~4.0%-of-sales FY2027 capex guidance to accelerate automation, fulfillment and international digital platforms (e.g., its PhonePe stake), funding faster growth from the higher-margin cash flow it is generating.

Why this confidence: Extrapolates beyond the highest reinvestment level management has actually guided to , Directionally consistent with a real, recent guidance increase rather than invented from nothing

Evidence for

Evidence against

  • Management's disclosed guidance stops at approximately 4.0% of net sales; no company guidance supports a materially higher reinvestment rate[Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release]· primary
Terminal growth3.0%low

How derived: Assumes Walmart's global e-commerce and advertising scale (already growing 20%-40%+ annually) let it keep growing modestly above long-run nominal GDP in perpetuity via continued market-share gains, rather than converging fully to the economy-wide growth rate.

Why this confidence: A perpetual terminal-growth assumption above long-run GDP is aggressive for an already-$700B-revenue company , Grounded in genuinely strong, multi-quarter reported digital growth rates

Evidence for

  • Walmart's global e-commerce sales have grown at double-digit to low-20s percentage rates for multiple consecutive quarters (24% in Q4 FY26, 23% in Q2 FY27)[Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release]· primary

Evidence against

  • No mature, roughly $700-billion-revenue retailer has sustained above-GDP perpetual growth indefinitely; terminal growth above long-run nominal GDP is inherently aggressive for a company already this large[Reasoned estimate based on long-run GDP proxy]· estimate

Valuation robustness

reliability of the estimate, not a stock rating

68 / 100 · Moderate

Scenario dispersion8.5
Terminal-value dependency1.1
Historical stability4.9
Margin predictability9.8
Forecast visibility7.6
Evidence quality10

Formula v1.0.0. Higher means a more reliable estimate — not a recommendation.

Quality checks

Automated model-risk flags — warnings, not recommendations.

  • 89% of the intrinsic value rests on the terminal value — a small change to terminal growth moves the valuation a lot.terminal growth

Per-share economics

Business growth after changes in the diluted share count.

PeriodRevenue growthFCF/shareFCF/share growthSharesShare growth
Q3 20255.4%0.05108.0%8.08B-0.3%
Q1 20262.5%0.05199.9%8.05B-0.4%
Q2 20264.8%0.814.7%8.02B-0.8%
Q3 20265.8%0.23410.4%8.01B-0.9%
Q1 20277.1%-0.24-560.9%8B-0.6%
Q2 20275.9%0.9415.2%7.98B-0.5%

Valuation history every run

Sep 5, 2026Bear$31.51Bull$42.62Base$37.38Price$107.60
$13.03$38.64$64.26$89.87$115.49Sep 5, 2026Sep 5, 2026

Why intrinsic value changed

Previous base IV/share+$33.64
Revenue forecast (operating evidence change)-$0.25
Why

Global e-commerce sales growth, quarterly YoY moved from an unreported prior value to 23.0%, as reported in Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release.

Tax-rate assumption (operating evidence change)-$0.24
Why

Effective income tax rate, fiscal year moved from an unreported prior value to 24.4%, as reported in Walmart FY2026 10-K.

Reinvestment assumption (operating evidence change)+$3.67
Why

Consolidated operating margin, quarterly moved from an unreported prior value to 5.0%, as reported in Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release.

Discount rate (macro assumption)+$0.57
Current base IV/share+$37.38

Sequential deterministic bridge · order-dependent contributions · exactly reconciled

Material event timeline

Consolidated operating margin, quarterly changed to 5.0%other

8/20/2026

Consolidated operating margin, quarterly moved from an unreported prior value to 5.0%, as reported in Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release.

Walmart Q2 FY27 Earnings Release

Market inputs researched

Risk-free rate

10-year Treasury constant-maturity yield as of September 4, 2026, used as the risk-free rate for a USD-denominated cost of equity.

4.8%
high
Beta

Reported raw beta for WMT versus the broader market as of mid-April 2026, consistent with Walmart's defensive, low-volatility profile as a mature staples retailer; other providers (e.g., CNBC at 0.58) corroborate a sub-1.0 beta, though estimates vary by methodology.

0.54
medium
Equity risk premium

Aswath Damodaran's mid-2026 data update reports a US implied equity risk premium of 4.45%, reflecting current index cash-flow yields and growth expectations relative to the risk-free rate.

4.5%
medium
Share price

Recent traded price for WMT common stock, used as the current market anchor against which the DCF's implied fair value is compared.

107.6
medium
Cost of debt

Walmart carries AA (S&P), Aa2 (Moody's) and AA (Fitch) long-term ratings per its most recent 10-Q; the ICE BofA AA US Corporate Index effective yield (5.25% as of August 20, 2026) is used as a proxy for Walmart's pre-tax cost of new long-term debt.

5.3%
high
Researched byClaude Sonnet 5
Why the model matters →

Generated 9/5/2026, 9:31:44 AM · pipeline v1.2.0